Rest - a quick summary

I’d read a lot of blogs talking about REST and it’s benefits but I hadn’t fully got it. Whilst on holiday I read RESTful Web Services, which I had seen recommended, in an effort to try and finally grok REST. I thoroughly recommend this book, it helped me connect a lot of previously separate ideas into a coherent whole. What I hope to do here is give an overview of what I’ve learnt from the book to act as a reference to myself and maybe help other people in the process.